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4th Mountain Infantry Division Livorno
The 4th Mountain Infantry Division Livorno was an Infantry Division of the Italian Army during World War II. The Division was formed on 5 April 1939 in Rome.
Mountain Divisions are not to be confused with the "Alpini" specialized mountain troops. The Mountain divisions had pack horse artillery instead of the usual towed type.
==Action==
At the beginning of June, 1940, the ''Livorno'' division was deployed at border with France, south-west of Vinadio, concentrating at Pas de Saint-Anne and Lausfer pass. Rear echelons have stretched back to Bagni di Vinadio It started the operations 13 June 1940 by shelling across border. Actual advance have started 15 June 1940 with the capture of Collalunga pass at altitude 2608 m. There was an intermittent fighting mostly in form of artillery barrage until 23 June 1940. The fierce fighting has erupted 23 June 1940. After a day-long assault, the Italian forces was able to break the French defenses and reached Saint-Honorat in La Bollène-Vésubie commune. Afterward, the advance has stalled and not much progress was made until armstice of 25 June 1940.
The ''Livorno'' division was reformed to assault-landing division in March 1942, for the planned Invasion of Malta. When the invasion was canceled it was transferred to Sicily in mid-February 1943,〔http://www.wwii-photos-maps.com/italianarmy/Order%20of%20Battle/slides/Italian%20Army%20OB%20%20068.html〕 and was planned to be shipped to North Africa but that order was cancelled.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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